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br Introduction Diacylglycerol kinase DGK is
2021-06-16
Introduction Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) is a lipid-metabolizing enzyme that phosphorylates diacylglycerol (DG) to produce phosphatidic BGJ398 (PA) [[1], [2], [3], [4]]. DG and PA act as lipid second messengers in a wide variety of biological processes. Ten DGK isozymes (α, β, γ, δ, η, κ, ε, ζ, ι
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cholecystokinin receptor br Results br Discussion In additio
2021-06-16
Results Discussion In addition to contributing to amino cholecystokinin receptor and lipid biosynthesis, mitochondrial metabolism affects nucleotide biosynthesis. Indeed, many components that contribute to both pyrimidine and purine bases are derived directly or indirectly from mitochondria.
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In untreated rodent or human hepatocytes
2021-06-16
In untreated rodent or human hepatocytes, PXR or CAR is stabilized by cytoplasmic co-chaperone partners like heat shock protein 90 (HSP90, Fig. 1). Upon ligand binding, the nuclear receptors are freed and translocated into the nucleus, identified as a pivotal step in PXR- or CAR-mediated transactiva
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So far few studies have been
2021-06-16
So far few studies have been conducted on the role of chemokines in patients with PTSD and avoidant personality disorders. Ogłodek et al. [10] in her studies found an increase in the level of the chemokine CCL-5 in patients with avoidant personality disorder and general anxiety disorder (GAD) as com
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Sensory gating describes a filter
2021-06-16
‘Sensory gating’ describes a filter mechanism protecting the central nervous system from sensory overload by inhibiting behaviorally irrelevant input (Boutros et al., 2004, 2008). This permits Tirapazamine to a changing contextual environment (Fruhstorfer et al., 1970; Grunwald et al., 2003). Audit
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Gamboge is a dry resin obtained from Garcinia
2021-06-16
Gamboge is a dry resin obtained from Garcinia hanburyi HOOK. f. (Guttiferae). It has a variety of bioactivities, including detoxifying, homeostasis maintaining, anti-inflammatory and parasiticidic effects. Available evidence suggests that gamboge bears anticancer characteristics with gambogenic mecl
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During the past decades HT had been widely prescribed with
2021-06-15
During the past decades HT had been widely prescribed with the expectation of both osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease prevention. The results of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) trial, however, indicated that long-term HT use is associated with a small but significant increase of cardiovascu
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Additionally although the membrane localized ER signaling
2021-06-15
Additionally, although the membrane-localized ER signaling described in this review has generally been studied in isolation from nuclear signaling, it is becoming clearer and clearer that integration of these mechanisms must be considered (Frick, 2015). Perhaps the distinct estradiol signaling mecha
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Enhanced oxidative stress has been suggested as the critical
2021-06-15
Enhanced oxidative stress has been suggested as the critical mechanisms of IS-produced muscle damage [41,42]. NAC as a direct reactive oxygen species ROS scavenger is frequently discussed in the clinical trials of radiocontrast-induced AKI prevention [43]. Despite some supportive epidemiological dat
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Caffeine By using live imaging of an ERK fluorescence resona
2021-06-15
By using live imaging of an ERK fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) sensor, the authors show that ERK activity propagates in a stepwise manner from the center to the periphery of the tracheal placode. This row-by-row propagation of ERK activity fits a relay model in which each row activate
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The role of ETB clearing receptors has
2021-06-15
The role of ETB clearing receptors has been studied in detail in endothelial cell–specific ETB knock-out mice. In these animals, clearance of an intravenous molecular weight mg of labeled ET-1 was reduced significantly compared with wild-type controls. Importantly, functioning ETB were retained on a
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br Materials and methods br Results
2021-06-15
Materials and methods Results Discussion In addition, the responses of CYP450s induced by metalaxyl are species-specific in the four cells. For example, metalaxyl lead to induction of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and CYP2B1 in HepG2 cells, CYP1A2 and CYP2B1 in H4IIE cells, CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 in LMH cells
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br Materials and methods br Results and discussion br
2021-06-15
Materials and methods Results and discussion Conflict of interest Acknowledgments This work was supported by grants from National 973 Project (2015CB755700) and the Doctoral Starting up Foundation of Henan University of Science and Technology (13480033). Introduction Progression thro
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UNC 0646 receptor br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br
2021-06-15
STAR★Methods Author Contributions Acknowledgments The authors thank Monika Kuhn for excellent technical assistance and Dr. Antje Schäfer for valuable scientific input. H.S. was supported by the DFG (FZ 82; Graduate School of Life Sciences and SCHI 425-6/1), and A.V.S. by Northwestern Univer
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Over the past decade targeting DNA
2021-06-15
Over the past decade, targeting DNA repair proteins has emerged as an effective tool to enhance chemosensitivity of malignant cells [9]. However, identification and selection of the proper target of DNA repair pathways is critical to increase cytotoxic activity of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer c
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