• Although the overall structures of mGlu and mGlu

  2021-11-17

  

  Although the overall structures of mGlu2 and mGlu3 VFTs are highly similar, two major differences can be observed: (i) the number of functional Cl− binding sites, one in mGlu2 versus two in mGlu3 receptors and (ii) the loop 7 in lobe 2 is longer in mGlu3 than in the mGlu2 receptor. These two particu

• Thiamet G In this study with the use of

  2021-11-17

  

  In this study, with the use of 13C515N2-labeled glutamine, we observed that 13C515N2-labeled glutamine produces a wide range of NAAG isotopologues and its precursors: NAA and glutamate. The NAAG production from glutamine is consistently more elevated in MYC-ON lymphoma and OVCAR4 compared to MYC-OF

• Limitations of our study are the following we did

  2021-11-17

  

  Limitations of our study are the following: we did not measure central energy metabolism in parallel, so we can only hypothesize that GLUT1 hypermethylation may be associated with alterations in central glucose metabolism. We did not measure GLUT1/GLUT4 gene expression or glucose uptake, so that we

• The presence of ghrelin s mRNA

  2021-11-17

  

  The presence of ghrelin's mRNA in the eye and the presence of ghrelin in the aqueous humor, along with a decrease of its levels in glaucoma, suggest a local role for this peptide in the ocular tissue [8], [16], [18]. There is no available data regarding the presence of GHSR-1 in the anterior segment

• There is increasing evidence that Cxs in

  2021-11-17

  

  There is increasing evidence that Cxs in astrocytes may play a role in several models of brain pathologies. Interestingly their roles are at the moment more considered through their hemichannel function (Bennett et al., 2012; Bosch and Kielian, 2014; Davidson et al., 2013; Orellana et al., 2016; Kim

• The Cx family of integral membrane proteins

  2021-11-17

  

  The Cx family of integral membrane proteins [13] are key components of the Gap Junction channels that provide GJIC, which is indispensable in the preservation of tissue integrity and homeostasis in multicellular organisms. Gap Junction channels form a conduit for exchange of ions (Ca2+), second mes

• Brain derived neurotrophic factor BDNF is the

  2021-11-17

  

  Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is the most abundant growth factor in the brain and is critical for neuronal development and synaptic plasticity (Bekinschtein et al., 2008; Lu et al., 2014). Besides playing an important role in mood and cognition, BDNF is also involved in the regulation of

• br Declarations of interest br Founding

  2021-11-17

  

  Declarations of interest Founding information This work was partially supported by the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) Japan [grant number P03043]; and Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [grant number 16H00738 to H.M.] from the Japan Society for the Prom

• It is well known that

  2021-11-17

  

  It is well known that TLR4-induced inflammation is associated with behavioural alterations including fever, hypolocomotion, altered appetite, anxiety and anhedonia (Dantzer, 2006, Dantzer et al., 2008). The current data demonstrate that while PF3845 potently attenuates TLR4-induced cytokines in the

• Among the various epigenetic mechanisms involved in EwS path

  2021-11-17

  

  Among the various epigenetic mechanisms involved in EwS pathogenesis, we focused on the PRC enzyme EZH2, since it is a direct target of EWSR1-FLI1 and a critical mediator of malignant cell growth.24, 30 Our observation that the inhibition of EZH2 in GD2neg EwS sglt-2 induces GD2 expression leads us

• The more important effect of pitolisant

  2021-11-17

  

  The more important effect of pitolisant is related to its wake-promoting and arousal activities as a result of enhanced Sulforaphane release in animal models (Ligneau, Perrin, et al., 2007). Moreover, its potential in the treatment of severe excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in narcoleptic teenage

• Niacin nicotinic acid is widely

  2021-11-16

  

  Niacin (nicotinic acid) is widely used to regulate abnormalities in plasma lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, as evidenced by its potential for reducing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risks (Guyton, 1998), due to its ability to reduce circulating triglycerides and apolipoprotein-B containing

• Gastric inhibitory polypeptide a hormone belonging to the

  2021-11-16

  

  Gastric inhibitory polypeptide, a hormone belonging to the glucagon-secretin family of peptides, exhibits protection against the neurodegeneration and also stimulates neurogenesis in adult rats in a paracrine manner (Gault and Holscher, 2008, Nyberg et al., 2005, Usdin et al., 1993). The expression

• There is a dual inducer of both galanin and super

  2021-11-16

  

  There is a dual inducer of both galanin and super-threshold pain. First, injury-induced pain may stimulate galanin secretion. After peripheral nerve injury, the galanin expression level was upregulated in dorsal root ganglion (DRG), dorsal horn and hypothalamic arcuate of rats [25], [28], [33]. The

• Encouraged by the observation obtained from region

  2021-11-16

  

  Encouraged by the observation obtained from region A, we selected the structure of 1 as the next template to successively pursue the SAR on regions B-D of 1 (lower side of Fig. 2). Next, we turned attention to the external aromatic ring of 1 to verify the impact on the antagonistic activity and prep

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